‘Botanical Pompeii’ rewrites origin of flowering plants

'Botanical Pompeii' rewrites origin of flowering plants
'Botanical Pompeii' rewrites origin of flowering plants

Article References

A trove of fossilized fruits and seeds buried under volcanic ash nearly 75 million years ago has upended a long-held assumption in paleobotany: that flowering plants rose to dominance only after the asteroid strike that killed the dinosaurs.

The findings, published on Wednesday in the journal Science, describe what researchers are calling a “botanical Pompeii” — a snapshot of a mature, diverse forest dominated by flowering plants, preserved in extraordinary detail by ancient volcanic deposits dating to about 74.6 million years ago. news.berkeley.edu newscientist.com

Rewriting the Timeline

UC Berkeley paleobotanist Jaemin Lee and colleagues identified nearly 80 distinct types of fruits and seeds in the assemblage, some reaching about an inch in length — far larger than scientists had expected for the Cretaceous period. Previous fossil sites from the Late Cretaceous had led researchers to believe that many flowering plants, or angiosperms, were still low-growing and formed open vegetation rather than dense forests. msuexponent.com newscientist.com news.berkeley.edu

“Now, we have evidence that large fruits and seeds, along with the necessary ecological conditions, can be traced back to 10 million years prior to the asteroid that led to the dinosaurs’ demise,” Lee told New Scientist. newscientist.com

Dinosaurs as Seed Dispersers

The study suggests that plant-animal interactions — including seed dispersal by dinosaurs and other Cretaceous animals — were already well established millions of years before the mass extinction event 66 million years ago. Biologists had long thought angiosperms truly took off only after that impact cleared ecological space for them, with mammals and birds then driving the spread of fleshy-fruited plants. news.berkeley.edu newscientist.com

“This is the first record of pretty sizable fruits and seeds at the assemblage level in the Cretaceous,” Lee said. “This suggests that plant-animal interactions and the formation of angiosperm-dominated dense forests likely evolved before the end-Cretaceous extinction and subsequent ecological restructuring.” news.berkeley.edu

A Preserved Ecosystem

The volcanic ash that entombed the forest floor acted much like the ash at Pompeii, preserving organisms in place and offering researchers a rare window into an intact Late Cretaceous ecosystem. The discovery challenges the “catastrophist narrative” that flowering plants flourished only in the wake of the dinosaurs’ disappearance, instead painting a picture of rich forests where angiosperms and animals had already forged the ecological partnerships that define modern ecosystems. tiogapublishing.com news.berkeley.edu

Article References